What does active drowning typically involve?

Active drowning is characterized by a person's struggle and efforts to stay afloat on the surface of the water. During this phase, an individual exhibits signs of distress, such as flailing their arms or attempting to swim or breathe, often resulting in brief but noticeable movements before succumbing to the water. This behavior is due to panic and the body's natural response to drowning, which involves trying to breathe while also trying to stay above water.

This answer aligns with the understanding that active drowning is not an immediate or silent process; it is marked by visible signs of distress. The other scenarios presented in the question—such as losing consciousness immediately, gradually sinking, or slipping underwater quietly—do not accurately reflect the active phase of drowning, which is characterized by those observable struggles for survival. Recognizing these signs is crucial for lifeguards and rescuers, as it helps them identify when assistance is needed urgently.