Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiac arrest?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily a progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow and makes breathing difficult. While COPD can lead to various complications, including respiratory failure and may contribute to cardiovascular issues over time, it is not a direct cause of cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of heart function, and it is typically associated with serious heart conditions.

In contrast, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are both serious heart rhythm abnormalities that directly interfere with the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, often leading to cardiac arrest. Heart attacks, or myocardial infarctions, occur when blood flow to the heart is blocked, which can result in damage to the heart muscle and potentially lead to cardiac arrest as well.

Understanding these distinctions between direct causes of cardiac arrest and conditions that might complicate cardiovascular health is essential for effective emergency response and management in lifeguarding and first aid scenarios.